The relationship between casting yield and effective rate of metal charge, usage ratio of molten iron, technology yield and pass rate of castings were surveyed.

阐述了铸件成品率与金属炉料有效率、铁液利用率、工艺出品率、铸件合格率四个比率的关系，指出了铸件成品率与铸造生产的全过程有关。

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In the furnace the heat is generated by the arcs formed between the carbon electrodes and the metal charge, and by the resistance of the charge to the electric current.

炉子的热是利用石墨电极和金属炉料之问产生的电弧以及炉料对电流的电阻来取得的。

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The process of charge separation of transition metal charge-transfer complexes involves the conversion of photo-energy into electrical energy, closely related to their electronic structures.

过渡金属电荷转移配合物的电荷分离是光能转化为电能的光物理过程，与配合物的电子结构密切相关。

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Traditional cameras use either charge-coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips, which capture images on a grid of millions of pixels.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Apart from the arrival of less pricey full-frame digital SLRs, the other recent development that has impressed your correspondent is the way imaging chips are migrating from CCD (charge-coupled device) technology to CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), used widely in the computer industry.

ECONOMIST: A die-hard analog photographer goes digital

Metal prices have now plunged, and so have the prices he can charge.

BBC: Cash flow drying up for Indian small firms